Operations Research (OR) is a scientific and systematic approach to decision-making that seeks to determine the best possible course of action in complex situations involving limited resources. It applies mathematical models, statistical analysis, and logical reasoning to analyse and solve real-life problems arising in business, industry, government, defence, transportation, healthcare, and many other fields.
The origin of Operations Research can be traced back to the Second World War, when interdisciplinary teams of scientists were formed to assist military leaders in optimizing the use of men, materials, and strategies. After the war, the techniques developed were successfully adapted to civilian and industrial problems, leading to the growth of OR as an important discipline.